This policy has been revised by the policy posted on February 1, 2005.

POLICY STATEMENT

This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Services
Right arrow E-mail this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation

PEDIATRICS Vol. 100 No. 6 December 1997, pp. 1035-1039

AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS:
Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk

Work Group on Breastfeeding

This policy statement on breastfeeding replaces the previous policy statement of the American Academy of Pediatrics, reflecting the considerable advances that have occurred in recent years in the scientific knowledge of the benefits of breastfeeding, in the mechanisms underlying these benefits, and in the practice of breastfeeding. This document summarizes the benefits of breastfeeding to the infant, the mother, and the nation, and sets forth principles to guide the pediatrician and other health care providers in the initiation and maintenance of breastfeeding. The policy statement also delineates the various ways in which pediatricians can promote, protect, and support breastfeeding, not only in their individual practices but also in the hospital, medical school, community, and nation.


The following policy statement is a revision:

Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk
Section on Breastfeeding
Pediatrics 2005 115: 496-506. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]



This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
J Hum LactHome page
J. Smith, M. Dunstone, and M. Elliott-Rudder
Health Professional Knowledge of Breastfeeding: Are the Health Risks of Infant Formula Feeding Accurately Conveyed by the Titles and Abstracts of Journal Articles?
J Hum Lact, August 1, 2009; 25(3): 350 - 358.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
J Hum LactHome page
R. Bishara, M. S. Dunn, S. E. Merko, and P. Darling
Volume of Foremilk, Hindmilk, and Total Milk Produced by Mothers of Very Preterm Infants Born at Less Than 28 Weeks of Gestation
J Hum Lact, August 1, 2009; 25(3): 272 - 279.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
J Hum LactHome page
S. Kusuma, Sunil Kumar Agrawal, P. Kumar, A. Narang, and R. Prasad
Hydration Status of Exclusively and Partially Breastfed Near-Term Newborns in the First Week of Life
J Hum Lact, August 1, 2009; 25(3): 280 - 286.
[PDF]


Home page
J Trop PediatrHome page
M. S. S. Kishore, P. Kumar, and A. K. Aggarwal
Breastfeeding Knowledge and Practices amongst Mothers in a Rural Population of North India: A Community-based Study
J Trop Pediatr, June 1, 2009; 55(3): 183 - 188.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Hum Reprod UpdateHome page
M. Hickey, M. Peate, C.M. Saunders, and M. Friedlander
Breast cancer in young women and its impact on reproductive function
Hum. Reprod. Update, May 1, 2009; 15(3): 323 - 339.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Hum LactHome page
D. Thulier
Breastfeeding in America: A History of Influencing Factors
J Hum Lact, February 1, 2009; 25(1): 85 - 94.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
S. E Carlson
Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation in pregnancy and lactation
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2009; 89(2): 678S - 684S.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
L. Strathearn, A. A. Mamun, J. M. Najman, and M. J. O'Callaghan
Does Breastfeeding Protect Against Substantiated Child Abuse and Neglect? A 15-Year Cohort Study
Pediatrics, February 1, 2009; 123(2): 483 - 493.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
J. L Baker, M. Gamborg, B. L Heitmann, L. Lissner, T. I. Sorensen, and K. M Rasmussen
Breastfeeding reduces postpartum weight retention
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2008; 88(6): 1543 - 1551.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arch Pediatr Adolesc MedHome page
L. B. Feldman-Winter, R. J. Schanler, K. G. O'Connor, and R. A. Lawrence
Pediatricians and the Promotion and Support of Breastfeeding
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, December 1, 2008; 162(12): 1142 - 1149.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
A. M. DiGirolamo, L. M. Grummer-Strawn, and S. B. Fein
Effect of Maternity-Care Practices on Breastfeeding
Pediatrics, October 1, 2008; 122(Supplement_2): S43 - S49.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
S. B. Fein, B. Mandal, and B. E. Roe
Success of Strategies for Combining Employment and Breastfeeding
Pediatrics, October 1, 2008; 122(Supplement_2): S56 - S62.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
D. T. Geddes, D. B. Langton, I. Gollow, L. A. Jacobs, P. E. Hartmann, and K. Simmer
Frenulotomy for Breastfeeding Infants With Ankyloglossia: Effect on Milk Removal and Sucking Mechanism as Imaged by Ultrasound
Pediatrics, July 1, 2008; 122(1): e188 - e194.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Nutr.Home page
D. R. Brundige, E. A. Maga, K. C. Klasing, and J. D. Murray
Lysozyme Transgenic Goats' Milk Influences Gastrointestinal Morphology in Young Pigs
J. Nutr., May 1, 2008; 138(5): 921 - 926.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
AJPHHome page
K. D. Rosenberg, C. A. Eastham, L. J. Kasehagen, and A. P. Sandoval
Marketing Infant Formula Through Hospitals: the Impact of Commercial Hospital Discharge Packs on Breastfeeding
Am J Public Health, February 1, 2008; 98(2): 290 - 295.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF LIFESTYLE MEDICINEHome page
D. F. Schwarz and A. L. O'Sullivan
State of the Art Reviews: Intervening to Improve Outcomes for Adolescent Mothers and Their Children
American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, December 1, 2007; 1(6): 482 - 489.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
N. Karaolis-Danckert, A. L. Gunther, A. Kroke, C. Hornberg, and A. E Buyken
How early dietary factors modify the effect of rapid weight gain in infancy on subsequent body-composition development in term children whose birth weight was appropriate for gestational age
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2007; 86(6): 1700 - 1708.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Hum LactHome page
B. L. Philipp, M. J. McMahon, S. Davies, T. Santos, and S. Jean-Marie
Breastfeeding Information in Nursing Textbooks Needs Improvement
J Hum Lact, November 1, 2007; 23(4): 345 - 349.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Diabetes CareHome page
R. Bentley-Lewis, A. B. Goldfine, D. E. Green, and E. W. Seely
Lactation After Normal Pregnancy Is Not Associated With Blood Glucose Fluctuations
Diabetes Care, November 1, 2007; 30(11): 2792 - 2793.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
B. R. Vohr, B. B. Poindexter, A. M. Dusick, L. T. McKinley, R. D. Higgins, J. C. Langer, W. K. Poole, and for the National Institute of Child Health and Hum
Persistent Beneficial Effects of Breast Milk Ingested in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit on Outcomes of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants at 30 Months of Age
Pediatrics, October 1, 2007; 120(4): e953 - e959.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Nutr.Home page
J. Bronte-Tinkew, M. Zaslow, R. Capps, A. Horowitz, and M. McNamara
Food Insecurity Works through Depression, Parenting, and Infant Feeding to Influence Overweight and Health in Toddlers
J. Nutr., September 1, 2007; 137(9): 2160 - 2165.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Hum LactHome page
S. Viazis, B. E. Farkas, and J. C. Allen
Effects of High-Pressure Processing on Immunoglobulin A and Lysozyme Activity in Human Milk
J Hum Lact, August 1, 2007; 23(3): 253 - 261.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Hum ReprodHome page
E. Gainer, R. Massai, S. Lillo, V. Reyes, M.L. Forcelledo, R. Caviedes, C. Villarroel, and J. Bouyer
Levonorgestrel pharmacokinetics in plasma and milk of lactating women who take 1.5 mg for emergency contraception
Hum. Reprod., June 1, 2007; 22(6): 1578 - 1584.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Hum LactHome page
A. Merewood, B. Patel, K. N. Newton, L. P. MacAuley, L. B. Chamberlain, P. Francisco, and S. D. Mehta
Breastfeeding Duration Rates and Factors Affecting Continued Breastfeeding Among Infants Born at an Inner-City US Baby-Friendly Hospital
J Hum Lact, May 1, 2007; 23(2): 157 - 164.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
The Annals of PharmacotherapyHome page
Y. Finkelstein, M. S Wahl, Y. Bentur, T. Schechter, B. Z. Garty, T. B Erickson, G. Chodick, A. Cahana, B. J Mounstephen, G. Koren, et al.
Universal versus Selective Iron Supplementation for Infants and the Risk of Unintentional Poisoning in Young Children: A Comparative Study of Two Populations
Ann. Pharmacother., March 1, 2007; 41(3): 414 - 419.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Hum LactHome page
M. Giovannini, G. Radaelli, E. Riva, and G. Banderali
Low Prepregnant Body Mass Index and Breastfeeding Practices
J Hum Lact, February 1, 2007; 23(1): 44 - 51.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
J. Nutr.Home page
L. M. Bodnar, H. N. Simhan, R. W. Powers, M. P. Frank, E. Cooperstein, and J. M. Roberts
High Prevalence of Vitamin D Insufficiency in Black and White Pregnant Women Residing in the Northern United States and Their Neonates
J. Nutr., February 1, 2007; 137(2): 447 - 452.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
J. Pietz, B. Achanti, L. Lilien, E. C. Stepka, and S. K. Mehta
Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants: A 20-Year Experience
Pediatrics, January 1, 2007; 119(1): e164 - e170.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
I. M. Paul, E. B. Lehman, C. S. Hollenbeak, and M. J. Maisels
Preventable Newborn Readmissions Since Passage of the Newborns' and Mothers' Health Protection Act
Pediatrics, December 1, 2006; 118(6): 2349 - 2358.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arch. Dis. Child.Home page
T Ozdogan, M Iscan, C Ellikcioglu, and E Yildiz
Hypernatraemic dehydration in breast-fed neonates.
Arch. Dis. Child., December 1, 2006; 91(12): 1041 - 1041.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
BMJHome page
G. Der, G D. Batty, and I. J Deary
Effect of breast feeding on intelligence in children: prospective study, sibling pairs analysis, and meta-analysis
BMJ, November 4, 2006; 333(7575): 945.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
J. R. Britton, H. L. Britton, and V. Gronwaldt
Breastfeeding, Sensitivity, and Attachment
Pediatrics, November 1, 2006; 118(5): e1436 - e1443.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arch Pediatr Adolesc MedHome page
B. D. Johnston, C. E. Huebner, M. L. Anderson, L. T. Tyll, and R. S. Thompson
Healthy Steps in an Integrated Delivery System: Child and Parent Outcomes at 30 Months
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, August 1, 2006; 160(8): 793 - 800.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
E. E. Ziegler, B. W. Hollis, S. E. Nelson, and J. M. Jeter
Vitamin D Deficiency in Breastfed Infants in Iowa
Pediatrics, August 1, 2006; 118(2): 603 - 610.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arch Pediatr Adolesc MedHome page
A. Merewood, L. B. Chamberlain, J. T. Cook, B. L. Philipp, K. Malone, and H. Bauchner
The Effect of Peer Counselors on Breastfeeding Rates in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, July 1, 2006; 160(7): 681 - 685.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
B. R. Vohr, B. B. Poindexter, A. M. Dusick, L. T. McKinley, L. L. Wright, J. C. Langer, W. K. Poole, and for the NICHD Neonatal Research Network
Beneficial Effects of Breast Milk in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit on the Developmental Outcome of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants at 18 Months of Age
Pediatrics, July 1, 2006; 118(1): e115 - e123.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Diabetes CareHome page
E. Stage, H. Norgard, P. Damm, and E. Mathiesen
Long-Term Breast-Feeding in Women With Type 1 Diabetes
Diabetes Care, April 1, 2006; 29(4): 771 - 774.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Eur J Public HealthHome page
E. Peters, K.-H. Wehkamp, R. E. Felberbaum, D. Kruger, and R. Linder
Breastfeeding duration is determined by only a few factors
Eur J Public Health, April 1, 2006; 16(2): 162 - 167.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arch Pediatr Adolesc MedHome page
K. T. McLearn, C. S. Minkovitz, D. M. Strobino, E. Marks, and W. Hou
Maternal Depressive Symptoms at 2 to 4 Months Post Partum and Early Parenting Practices
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, March 1, 2006; 160(3): 279 - 284.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Hum LactHome page
C. L. Wagner, M. T. Wagner, M. Ebeling, K. G. Chatman, M. Cohen, and T. C. Hulsey
The Role of Personality and Other Factors in a Mother's Decision to Initiate Breastfeeding
J Hum Lact, February 1, 2006; 22(1): 16 - 26.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
J Hum LactHome page
L. B. Chamberlain, M. McMahon, B. L. Philipp, and A. Merewood
Breast Pump Access in the Inner City: A Hospital-Based Initiative to Provide Breast Pumps for Low-income Women
J Hum Lact, February 1, 2006; 22(1): 94 - 98.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
J Hum LactHome page
U. Shaikh and C. Chantry
Reflections on the American Academy of Pediatrics' 2005 Policy Statement on "Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk"
J Hum Lact, February 1, 2006; 22(1): 108 - 110.
[PDF]


Home page
AJPHHome page
J. Liu, K. D. Rosenberg, and A. P. Sandoval
Breastfeeding Duration and Perinatal Cigarette Smoking in a Population-Based Cohort
Am J Public Health, February 1, 2006; 96(2): 309 - 314.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Hum LactHome page
A. J. Gagnon, G. Leduc, K. Waghorn, H. Yang, and R. W. Platt
In-Hospital Formula Supplementation of Healthy Breastfeeding Newborns
J Hum Lact, November 1, 2005; 21(4): 397 - 405.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
J Hum LactHome page
A. Koenig, E. M. d. A. Diniz, S. F. C. Barbosa, and F. A. C. Vaz
Immunologic Factors in Human Milk: The Effects of Gestational Age and Pasteurization
J Hum Lact, November 1, 2005; 21(4): 439 - 443.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
S. Merten, J. Dratva, and U. Ackermann-Liebrich
Do Baby-Friendly Hospitals Influence Breastfeeding Duration on a National Level?
Pediatrics, November 1, 2005; 116(5): e702 - e708.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Am. Coll. Nutr.Home page
J. S. Taylor, J. E. Kacmar, M. Nothnagle, and R. A. Lawrence
A Systematic Review of the Literature Associating Breastfeeding with Type 2 Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes
J. Am. Coll. Nutr., October 1, 2005; 24(5): 320 - 326.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arch Pediatr Adolesc MedHome page
A. K. Anderson, G. Damio, S. Young, D. J. Chapman, and R. Perez-Escamilla
A Randomized Trial Assessing the Efficacy of Peer Counseling on Exclusive Breastfeeding in a Predominantly Latina Low-Income Community
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, September 1, 2005; 159(9): 836 - 841.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
HEALTH PROMOT INTHome page
L. L. Foo, S. J. S. Quek, S. A. Ng, M. T. Lim, and M. Deurenberg-Yap
Breastfeeding prevalence and practices among Singaporean Chinese, Malay and Indian mothers
Health Promot. Int., September 1, 2005; 20(3): 229 - 237.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
A. Merewood, S. D. Mehta, L. B. Chamberlain, B. L. Philipp, and H. Bauchner
Breastfeeding Rates in US Baby-Friendly Hospitals: Results of a National Survey
Pediatrics, September 1, 2005; 116(3): 628 - 634.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Hum LactHome page
M. Giovannini, E. Riva, G. Banderali, M. Salvioni, G. Radaelli, and C. Agostoni
Exclusive Versus Predominant Breastfeeding in Italian Maternity Wards and Feeding Practices Through the First Year of Life
J Hum Lact, August 1, 2005; 21(3): 259 - 265.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
J Hum LactHome page
A. Hannan, R. Li, S. Benton-Davis, and L. Grummer-Strawn
Regional Variation in Public Opinion About Breastfeeding in the United States
J Hum Lact, August 1, 2005; 21(3): 284 - 288.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
J Hum LactHome page
E. G. Damato, D. A. Dowling, T. S. Standing, and S. D. Schuster
Explanation for Cessation of Breastfeeding in Mothers of Twins
J Hum Lact, August 1, 2005; 21(3): 296 - 304.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
J Hum LactHome page
Z. M. Chang and M. I. Heaman
Epidural Analgesia During Labor and Delivery: Effects on the Initiation and Continuation of Effective Breastfeeding
J Hum Lact, August 1, 2005; 21(3): 305 - 314.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
G. R. Gourley, Z. Li, B. L. Kreamer, and M. R. Kosorok
A Controlled, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial of Prophylaxis Against Jaundice Among Breastfed Newborns
Pediatrics, August 1, 2005; 116(2): 385 - 391.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Hum LactHome page
M. Cloherty, J. Alexander, I. Holloway, K. Galvin, and S. Inch
The Cup-Versus-Bottle Debate: A Theme From an Ethnographic Study of the Supplementation of Breastfed Infants in Hospital in the United Kingdom
J Hum Lact, May 1, 2005; 21(2): 151 - 162.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
J Hum LactHome page
U. Shaikh and B. J. Scott
Extent, Accuracy, and Credibility of Breastfeeding Information on the Internet
J Hum Lact, May 1, 2005; 21(2): 175 - 183.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
FocusHome page
K. A. Yonkers, K. L. Wisner, Z. Stowe, E. Leibenluft, L. Cohen, L. Miller, R. Manber, A. Viguera, T. Suppes, and L. Altshuler
Management of Bipolar Disorder During Pregnancy The Postpartum Period
Focus, April 1, 2005; 3(2): 266 - 279.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Health Educ BehavHome page
A. DiGirolamo, N. Thompson, R. Martorell, S. Fein, and L. Grummer-Strawn
Intention or Experience? Predictors of Continued Breastfeeding
Health Educ Behav, April 1, 2005; 32(2): 208 - 226.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Qual Health ResHome page
R. Cricco-Lizza
The Milk of Human Kindness: Environmental and Human Interactions in a WIC Clinic That Influence Infant-Feeding Decisions of Black Women
Qual Health Res, April 1, 2005; 15(4): 525 - 538.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Journal of Family IssuesHome page
J. Galtry and P. Callister
Assessing the Optimal Length of Parental Leave for Child and Parental Well-Being: How Can Research Inform Policy?
Journal of Family Issues, March 1, 2005; 26(2): 219 - 246.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
J Hum LactHome page
L. B. Chamberlain, A. Merewood, K. L. Malone, S. Cimo, and B. L. Philipp
Calls to an Inner-City Hospital Breastfeeding Telephone Support Line
J Hum Lact, February 1, 2005; 21(1): 53 - 58.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Am J EpidemiolHome page
J. H. E. Promislow, B. C. Gladen, and D. P. Sandler
Maternal Recall of Breastfeeding Duration by Elderly Women
Am. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2005; 161(3): 289 - 296.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
Section on Breastfeeding
Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk
Pediatrics, February 1, 2005; 115(2): 496 - 506.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
J. Labarere, N. Gelbert-Baudino, A.-S. Ayral, C. Duc, M. Berchotteau, N. Bouchon, C. Schelstraete, J.-P. Vittoz, P. Francois, and J.-C. Pons
Efficacy of Breastfeeding Support Provided by Trained Clinicians During an Early, Routine, Preventive Visit: A Prospective, Randomized, Open Trial of 226 Mother-Infant Pairs
Pediatrics, February 1, 2005; 115(2): e139 - e146.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Am Board Fam MedHome page
L. A. Ricke, N. J. Baker, D. J. Madlon-Kay, and T. A. DeFor
Newborn Tongue-tie: Prevalence and Effect on Breast-Feeding
J Am Board Fam Med, January 1, 2005; 18(1): 1 - 7.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
R. Li, N. Darling, E. Maurice, L. Barker, and L. M. Grummer-Strawn
Breastfeeding Rates in the United States by Characteristics of the Child, Mother, or Family: The 2002 National Immunization Survey
Pediatrics, January 1, 2005; 115(1): e31 - e37.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
P. Weisberg, K. S Scanlon, R. Li, and M. E Cogswell
Nutritional rickets among children in the United States: review of cases reported between 1986 and 2003
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2004; 80(6): 1697S - 1705S.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CLIN PEDIATRHome page
A. S. Ryan, W. Zhou, and M. H. Gaston
Regional and Sociodemographic Variation of Breastfeeding in the United States, 2002
Clinical Pediatrics, November 1, 2004; 43(9): 815 - 824.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Qual Health ResHome page
R. Cricco-Lizza
Infant-Feeding Beliefs and Experiences of Black Women Enrolled in WIC in the New York Metropolitan Area
Qual Health Res, November 1, 2004; 14(9): 1197 - 1210.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed.Home page
N Hanna, K Ahmed, M Anwar, A Petrova, M Hiatt, and T Hegyi
Effect of storage on breast milk antioxidant activity
Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed., November 1, 2004; 89(6): F518 - F520.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
M. T. Stein, E. G. Boies, and D. M. Snyder
Parental Concerns About Extended Breastfeeding in a Toddler
Pediatrics, November 1, 2004; 114(5/S2): 1506 - 1509.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
West J Nurs ResHome page
E. E. Gulick and S. Johnson
Infant Health of Mothers with Multiple Sclerosis
West J Nurs Res, October 1, 2004; 26(6): 632 - 649.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
E. D. Shenassa and M.-J. Brown
Maternal Smoking and Infantile Gastrointestinal Dysregulation: The Case of Colic
Pediatrics, October 1, 2004; 114(4): e497 - e505.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CLIN PEDIATRHome page
M. M. S. Flores and M. P. Fairchok
The Relationship of Breastfeeding to Antimicrobial Exposure in the First Year of Life
Clinical Pediatrics, September 1, 2004; 43(7): 631 - 636.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
J Hum LactHome page
K. Updegrove
Necrotizing Enterocolitis: the Evidence for Use of Human Milk in Prevention and Treatment
J Hum Lact, August 1, 2004; 20(3): 335 - 339.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
AAP NewsHome page

AAP News, August 1, 2004; 25(2): 88 - 89.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arch Pediatr Adolesc MedHome page
C. J. Chantry, P. Auinger, and R. S. Byrd
Lactation Among Adolescent Mothers and Subsequent Bone Mineral Density
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, July 1, 2004; 158(7): 650 - 656.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
E. K. Chung, K. F. McCollum, I. T. Elo, H. J. Lee, and J. F. Culhane
Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Infant Health Practices Among Low-Income Women
Pediatrics, June 1, 2004; 113(6): e523 - e529.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
J Hum LactHome page
B. L. Philipp, A. Merewood, E. J. Gerendas, and H. Bauchner
Breastfeeding Information in Pediatric Textbooks Needs Improvement
J Hum Lact, May 1, 2004; 20(2): 206 - 210.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
E. M. Taveras, R. Li, L. Grummer-Strawn, M. Richardson, R. Marshall, V. H. Rego, I. Miroshnik, and T. A. Lieu
Mothers' and Clinicians' Perspectives on Breastfeeding Counseling During Routine Preventive Visits
Pediatrics, May 1, 2004; 113(5): e405 - e411.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
Medical Home Initiatives for Children With Special
Policy Statement: Organizational Principles to Guide and Define the Child Health Care System and/or Improve the Health of All Children
Pediatrics, May 1, 2004; 113(5/S1): 1545 - 1547.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. PsychiatryHome page
K. A. Yonkers, K. L. Wisner, Z. Stowe, E. Leibenluft, L. Cohen, L. Miller, R. Manber, A. Viguera, T. Suppes, and L. Altshuler
Management of Bipolar Disorder During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period
Am J Psychiatry, April 1, 2004; 161(4): 608 - 620.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
E. M. Taveras, R. Li, L. Grummer-Strawn, M. Richardson, R. Marshall, V. H. Rego, I. Miroshnik, and T. A. Lieu
Opinions and Practices of Clinicians Associated With Continuation of Exclusive Breastfeeding
Pediatrics, April 1, 2004; 113(4): e283 - e290.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
J. Moya, C. F. Bearer, and R. A. Etzel
Children's Behavior and Physiology and How It Affects Exposure to Environmental Contaminants
Pediatrics, April 1, 2004; 113(4/S1): 996 - 1006.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CMAJHome page
V. A. Palda, J.-M. Guise, and C. N. Wathen
Interventions to promote breast-feeding: applying the evidence in clinical practice
Can. Med. Assoc. J., March 16, 2004; 170(6): 976 - 978.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CLIN PEDIATRHome page
S. M. H. Nainar and S. Mohummed
Role of Infant Feeding Practices on the Dental Health of Children
Clinical Pediatrics, March 1, 2004; 43(2): 129 - 133.
[PDF]


Home page
AAP Grand RoundsHome page
W. M. Slusser
More Evidence In Support of AAP Recommendations on Breastfeeding
AAP Grand Rounds, March 1, 2004; 11(3): 30 - 31.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Hum LactHome page
S. Merten and U. Ackermann-Liebrich
Exclusive Breastfeeding Rates and Associated Factors in Swiss Baby-Friendly Hospitals
J Hum Lact, February 1, 2004; 20(1): 9 - 17.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
J Hum LactHome page
R. J. Blyth, D. K. Creedy, C.-L. Dennis, W. Moyle, J. Pratt, S. M. De Vries, and G. N. Healy
Breastfeeding Duration in an Australian Population: The Influence of Modifiable Antenatal Factors
J Hum Lact, February 1, 2004; 20(1): 30 - 38.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
J Hum LactHome page
M. R. Tully, L. Lockhart-Borman, and K. Updegrove
Stories of Success: The Use of Donor Milk is Increasing in North America
J Hum Lact, February 1, 2004; 20(1): 75 - 77.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
J Clin PharmacolHome page
G. W. Amsden, D. P. Nicolau, A.-M. Whitaker, D. Maglio, A. Bello, R. Russo, A. Barros Jr., and D. A. Gajjar
Characterization of the Penetration of Garenoxacin into the Breast Milk of Lactating Women
J. Clin. Pharmacol., February 1, 2004; 44(2): 188 - 192.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
L. M. Grummer-Strawn and Z. Mei
Does Breastfeeding Protect Against Pediatric Overweight? Analysis of Longitudinal Data From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System
Pediatrics, February 1, 2004; 113(2): e81 - 86.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]