A statement of reaffirmation for this policy was published on February 1, 2007.

POLICY STATEMENT

This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Services
Right arrow E-mail this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation

Informed Consent, Parental Permission, and Assent in Pediatric Practice

Committee on Bioethics

A re-analysis of informed consent leads to the identification of important limitations and problems in its application to pediatric practice. Two additional concepts are needed: parental permission and patient assent. The American Academy of Pediatrics believes that in most cases, physicians have an ethical (and legal) obligation to obtain parental permission to undertaken recommended medical interventions. In many circumstances, physicians should also solicit a patient assent when developmentally appropriate. In cases involving emancipated or mature minors with adequate decision-making capacity, or when otherwise permitted by law, physicians should seek informed consent directly from patients.


Statement of reaffirmation:

AAP Publications Retired or Reaffirmed, October 2006
American Academy of Pediatrics
Pediatrics 2007 119: 405. [Extract] [Full Text] [PDF]



This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 J. Med. EthicsHome page
A. T Nathan, K S. Hoehn, R. F Ittenbach, J W. Gaynor, S. Nicolson, G. Wernovsky, and R. M Nelson
Assessment of parental decision-making in neonatal cardiac research: a pilot study
J. Med. Ethics, February 1, 2010; 36(2): 106 - 110.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
COMMITTEE ON BIOETHICS
Children as Hematopoietic Stem Cell Donors
Pediatrics, February 1, 2010; 125(2): 392 - 404.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Pediatr PsycholHome page
H. L Gamble, J. L Klosky, G. R Parra, and M. E Randolph
Factors Influencing Familial Decision-Making Regarding Human Papillomavirus Vaccination
J. Pediatr. Psychol., December 4, 2009; (2009) jsp108v1.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Nurs EthicsHome page
J. Whitty-Rogers, M. Alex, C. MacDonald, D. Pierrynowski Gallant, and W. Austin
Working with Children in End-of-Life Decision Making
Nursing Ethics, November 1, 2009; 16(6): 743 - 758.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Pediatr Adolesc MedHome page
A. Rapoport
Addressing Ethical Concerns Regarding Pediatric Palliative Care Research
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, August 1, 2009; 163(8): 688 - 691.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Med. EthicsHome page
U Swartling, G Helgesson, M G Hansson, and J Ludvigsson
Split views among parents regarding children's right to decide about participation in research: a questionnaire survey
J. Med. Ethics, July 1, 2009; 35(7): 450 - 455.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NEJMHome page
J. S. Jeruss and T. K. Woodruff
Preservation of Fertility in Patients with Cancer
N. Engl. J. Med., February 26, 2009; 360(9): 902 - 911.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Nurs EthicsHome page
A. Akpinar, M. O. Senses, and R. Aydin Er
Attitudes to End-of-Life Decisions in Paediatric Intensive Care
Nursing Ethics, January 1, 2009; 16(1): 83 - 92.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J Law Med EthicsHome page
R. S. Van Howe and J. S. Svoboda
Neonatal pain relief and the helsinki declaration.
J. Law Med. Ethics, December 1, 2008; 36(4): 803 - 823.
[PDF]

Home page
 J Am Med Inform AssocHome page
F. C Bourgeois, P. L Taylor, S J. Emans, D. J Nigrin, and K. D Mandl
Whose Personal Control? Creating Private, Personally Controlled Health Records for Pediatric and Adolescent Patients
JAMIA, November 1, 2008; 15(6): 737 - 743.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch. Dis. Child.Home page
I T Coyne
INVOLVING CHILDREN IN DECISION-MAKING: SHARED CONSENSUS OR CONTESTED DOMAIN?
Arch. Dis. Child., November 1, 2008; 93(2_MeetingAbstracts): ps471 - ps471.


Home page
 Arch Pediatr Adolesc MedHome page
A. A. Kon
Healthcare Providers Must Offer Palliative Treatment to Parents of Neonates With Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, September 1, 2008; 162(9): 844 - 848.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
L. F. Ross, J. R. Thistlethwaite Jr, and and the Committee on Bioethics
Minors as Living Solid-Organ Donors
Pediatrics, August 1, 2008; 122(2): 454 - 461.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
P. J. O'Malley, K. Brown, S. E. Krug, and and the Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Patient- and Family-Centered Care of Children in the Emergency Department
Pediatrics, August 1, 2008; 122(2): e511 - e521.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
M. Levetown and and the Committee on Bioethics
Communicating With Children and Families: From Everyday Interactions to Skill in Conveying Distressing Information
Pediatrics, May 1, 2008; 121(5): e1441 - e1460.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
P. N. Lanken, P. B. Terry, H. M. DeLisser, B. F. Fahy, J. Hansen-Flaschen, J. E. Heffner, M. Levy, R. A. Mularski, M. L. Osborne, T. J. Prendergast, et al.
An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Policy Statement: Palliative Care for Patients with Respiratory Diseases and Critical Illnesses
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., April 15, 2008; 177(8): 912 - 927.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CMAJHome page
K. M. Flegel MDCM MSc and N. MacDonald MD MSc
Decision-making capacity in an age of control
Can. Med. Assoc. J., January 15, 2008; 178(2): 127 - 127.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CMAJHome page
K. M. Flegel MDCM MSc and N. MacDonald MD MSc
L'aptitude a decider en une ere de controle
Can. Med. Assoc. J., January 15, 2008; 178(2): 129 - 129.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
S. V. Kothare, A. M. Altman, I. N. Rodriguez, M. A. Williams, J. Gordon, and D. Bacon
POSITION STATEMENT ON LAWS AND REGULATIONS CONCERNING LIFE-SUSTAINING TREATMENT, INCLUDING ARTIFICIAL NUTRITION AND HYDRATION, FOR PATIENTS LACKING DECISION-MAKING CAPACITY
Neurology, January 15, 2008; 70(3): 242 - 243.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
A. A. Kon, J. R. Curtis, and R. A. Burt
Informed Nondissent Rather Than Informed Assent
Chest, January 1, 2008; 133(1): 320 - 321.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
M. R. Mercurio
An Adolescent's Refusal of Medical Treatment: Implications of the Abraham Cheerix Case
Pediatrics, December 1, 2007; 120(6): 1357 - 1358.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
A. Golnik
Parental Attitude to Lumbar Puncture for Children With Fever and Seizure: In Reply
Pediatrics, November 1, 2007; 120(5): 1221 - 1221.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 APPI Online CMEHome page
Reference List for FOCUS Self-Assessment Examination
PsychiatryOnline CME, October 10, 2007; 2007(3): 2 - 2.
[Full Text]

Home page
 J. Med. EthicsHome page
D F Merlo, L E Knudsen, K Matusiewicz, L Niebroj, and K H Vahakangas
Ethics in studies on children and environmental health
J. Med. Ethics, July 1, 2007; 33(7): 408 - 413.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 AAP Grand RoundsHome page
B. J. Mears
Providing Mothers with Tapes of Neonatologists' Discussions Improves Recall
AAP Grand Rounds, May 1, 2007; 17(5): 54 - 55.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin Child Psychol PsychiatryHome page
J. O.A. Tan, G. E. Passerini, and A. Stewart
Consent and Confidentiality in Clinical Work with Young People
Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, April 1, 2007; 12(2): 191 - 210.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
S. A. Spooner and and the Council on Clinical Information Technology
Special Requirements of Electronic Health Record Systems in Pediatrics
Pediatrics, March 1, 2007; 119(3): 631 - 637.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JAMAHome page
A. A. Kon
Surgically Shaping Children: Technology, Ethics, and the Pursuit of Normality
JAMA, December 6, 2006; 296(21): 2621 - 2622.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JCOHome page
J. D. Hord, W. Rehman, P. Hannon, L. Anderson-Shaw, and M. L. Schmidt
Do Parents Have the Right to Refuse Standard Treatment for Their Child With Favorable-Prognosis Cancer? Ethical and Legal Concerns
J. Clin. Oncol., December 1, 2006; 24(34): 5454 - 5456.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
American Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, C. J. Cote, S. Wilson, and the Work Group on Sedation
Guidelines for Monitoring and Management of Pediatric Patients During and After Sedation for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures: An Update
Pediatrics, December 1, 2006; 118(6): 2587 - 2602.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
K. J. Lee, P. L. Havens, T. T. Sato, G. M. Hoffman, and S. R. Leuthner
Assent for Treatment: Clinician Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice
Pediatrics, August 1, 2006; 118(2): 723 - 730.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Law Med EthicsHome page
T. O'Lonergan and J. J. Zodrow
Pediatric Assent: Subject Protection Issues among Adolescent Females Enrolled in Research
J. Law Med. Ethics, June 1, 2006; 34(2): 451 - 459.
[PDF]

Home page
 BMJHome page
B. Lo
HPV vaccine and adolescents' sexual activity.
BMJ, May 13, 2006; 332(7550): 1106 - 1107.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JCOHome page
S. N. Whitney, S. L. Berg, A. M. Ethier, E. Fruge, L. B. McCullough, and M. Hockenberry
In Reply
J. Clin. Oncol., May 1, 2006; 24(13): 2131 - 2132.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
M. B. Kimberly, K. S. Hoehn, C. Feudtner, R. M. Nelson, and M. Schreiner
Variation in Standards of Research Compensation and Child Assent Practices: A Comparison of 69 Institutional Review Board-Approved Informed Permission and Assent Forms for 3 Multicenter Pediatric Clinical Trials
Pediatrics, May 1, 2006; 117(5): 1706 - 1711.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
A. A. Kon
Assent in Pediatric Research
Pediatrics, May 1, 2006; 117(5): 1806 - 1810.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Med. EthicsHome page
D S Wendler
Assent in paediatric research: theoretical and practical considerations.
J. Med. Ethics, April 1, 2006; 32(4): 229 - 234.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JCOHome page
S. N. Whitney, A. M. Ethier, E. Fruge, S. Berg, L. B. McCullough, and M. Hockenberry
Decision Making in Pediatric Oncology: Who Should Take the Lead? The Decisional Priority in Pediatric Oncology Model
J. Clin. Oncol., January 1, 2006; 24(1): 160 - 165.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mayo Clin Proc.Home page
E. A. Boatwright, B. S. Tozer, D. P. Verma, J. E. Blair, A. P. Mayer, and J. A. Files
Health Care Maintenance in Female Adolescents
Mayo Clin. Proc., December 1, 2005; 80(12): 1641 - 1650.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Med. EthicsHome page
M-C Huang, C-K Lee, S-J Lin, and I-C Lu
Parental consent for newborn screening in southern Taiwan
J. Med. Ethics, November 1, 2005; 31(11): 621 - 624.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
L. B. McCullough
Neonatal Ethics at the Limits of Viability
Pediatrics, October 1, 2005; 116(4): 1019 - 1021.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Pediatr Adolesc MedHome page
J. P. Burns and C. Mitchell
Is There Any Consensus About End-of-Life Care in Pediatrics?
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, September 1, 2005; 159(9): 889 - 891.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Anesth. Analg.Home page
D. B. Waisel
Moral Permissibility as a Guide for Decision Making About Conjoined Twins
Anesth. Analg., July 1, 2005; 101(1): 41 - 43.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Child NeurolHome page
P. Weisleder
Reply from the Author
J Child Neurol, May 1, 2005; 20(5): 461 - 461.
[PDF]

Home page
 Nurs EthicsHome page
I. Hallstrom and G. Elander
Decision Making in Paediatric Care: an overview with reference to nursing care
Nursing Ethics, May 1, 2005; 12(3): 223 - 238.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Nurs EthicsHome page
F. A Carnevale
Ethical Care of the Critically Ill Child: a conception of a 'thick' bioethics
Nursing Ethics, May 1, 2005; 12(3): 239 - 252.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
D. S. Diekema and and the Committee on Bioethics
Responding to Parental Refusals of Immunization of Children
Pediatrics, May 1, 2005; 115(5): 1428 - 1431.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Pediatr PsycholHome page
C. B. Fisher
Commentary: SES, Ethnicity and Goodness-of-Fit in Clinician-Parent Communication during Pediatric Cancer Trials
J. Pediatr. Psychol., April 1, 2005; 30(3): 231 - 234.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
M. H. Cohen and K. J. Kemper
Complementary Therapies in Pediatrics: A Legal Perspective
Pediatrics, March 1, 2005; 115(3): 774 - 780.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum ReprodHome page
G. Bahadur
Ethics of testicular stem cell medicine
Hum. Reprod., December 1, 2004; 19(12): 2702 - 2710.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
M. E. Fallat, J. K. Deshpande, and Section on Surgery, Section on Anesthesia and Pain
Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders for Pediatric Patients Who Require Anesthesia and Surgery
Pediatrics, December 1, 2004; 114(6): 1686 - 1692.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Pediatr Adolesc MedHome page
D. Ridgway
Court-Mediated Disputes Between Physicians and Families Over the Medical Care of Children
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, September 1, 2004; 158(9): 891 - 896.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
J. J. Fraser Jr., G. N. McAbee, and Committee on Medical Liability
Dealing With the Parent Whose Judgment Is Impaired by Alcohol or Drugs: Legal and Ethical Considerations
Pediatrics, September 1, 2004; 114(3): 869 - 873.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Adv. Psychiatr. Treat.Home page
M. Paul
Decision-making about children's mental health care: ethical challenges
Adv. Psychiatr. Treat., July 1, 2004; 10(4): 301 - 311.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Pediatr Adolesc MedHome page
A. A. Kon, L. Ackerson, and B. Lo
How Pediatricians Counsel Parents When No "Best-Choice" Management Exists: Lessons to Be Learned From Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, May 1, 2004; 158(5): 436 - 441.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Child NeurolHome page
P. Weisleder
The Right of Minors to Confidentiality and Informed Consent
J Child Neurol, February 1, 2004; 19(2): 145 - 148.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
D. R. Freyer
Care of the Dying Adolescent: Special Considerations
Pediatrics, February 1, 2004; 113(2): 381 - 388.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
J. E. Berger and Committee on Medical Liability
Consent by Proxy for Nonurgent Pediatric Care
Pediatrics, November 1, 2003; 112(5): 1186 - 1195.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
D. Garros, R. J. Rosychuk, and P. N. Cox
Circumstances Surrounding End of Life in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Pediatrics, November 1, 2003; 112(5): e371 - 371.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 FocusHome page
L. W. Roberts
Informed Consent and the Capacity for Voluntarism
Focus, October 1, 2003; 1(4): 407 - 414.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Law Med EthicsHome page
S. M. Wolf, J. P. Kahn, and J. E. Wagner
Using Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis to Create a Stem Cell Donor: Issues, Guidelines & limits
J. Law Med. Ethics, September 1, 2003; 31(3): 327 - 339.
[PDF]

Home page
 CLIN PEDIATRHome page
B. H. Levi
Withdrawing Nutrition and Hydration from Children: Legal, Ethical, and Professional Issues
Clinical Pediatrics, March 1, 2003; 42(2): 139 - 145.
[PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Consent for Emergency Medical Services for Children and Adolescents
Pediatrics, March 1, 2003; 111(3): 703 - 706.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Sex. Transm. Infect.Home page
J H Ku, M E Kim, N K Lee, and Y H Park
Circumcision practice patterns in South Korea: community based survey
Sex Transm Inf, February 1, 2003; 79(1): 65 - 67.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Pediatr Adolesc MedHome page
R. H. Schwartz, T. J. Silber, R. B. Heyman, M. J. Sheridan, and D. M. Estabrook
Urine Testing for Drugs of Abuse: A Survey of Suburban Parent-Adolescent Dyads
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, February 1, 2003; 157(2): 158 - 161.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CLIN PEDIATRHome page
B. H. Levi
Ethical Conflicts Between Residents and Attending Physicians
Clinical Pediatrics, November 1, 2002; 41(9): 659 - 667.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 NEJMHome page
R. Steinbrook
Testing Medications in Children
N. Engl. J. Med., October 31, 2002; 347(18): 1462 - 1470.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 The Journal of School NursingHome page
K. Pohlman, N. Schwab, S. B. Dickey, J. Kiefner, and S. M. Beidler
Consent and Confidentiality Issues Among School-Age Children and Adolescents
The Journal of School Nursing, June 1, 2002; 18(3): 179 - 186.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. PsychiatryHome page
L. W. Roberts
Informed Consent and the Capacity for Voluntarism
Am J Psychiatry, May 1, 2002; 159(5): 705 - 712.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
J. Q. Olechnowicz, M. Eder, C. Simon, S. Zyzanski, and E. Kodish
Assent Observed: Children's Involvement in Leukemia Treatment and Research Discussions
Pediatrics, May 1, 2002; 109(5): 806 - 814.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Anesth. Analg.Home page
T. O. Erb, S. R. Schulman, and J. Sugarman
Permission and Assent for Clinical Research in Pediatric Anesthesia
Anesth. Analg., May 1, 2002; 94(5): 1155 - 1160.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JCOHome page
L. R. Schover, K. Brey, A. Lichtin, L. I. Lipshultz, and S. Jeha
Oncologists' Attitudes and Practices Regarding Banking Sperm Before Cancer Treatment
J. Clin. Oncol., April 1, 2002; 20(7): 1890 - 1897.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Med. EthicsHome page
F M Hodges, J S Svoboda, and R S Van Howe
Prophylactic interventions on children: balancing human rights with public health
J. Med. Ethics, February 1, 2002; 28(1): 10 - 16.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Pediatr Adolesc MedHome page
A. M. McCarthy, L. C. Richman, R. P. Hoffman, and L. Rubenstein
Psychological Screening of Children for Participation in Nontherapeutic Invasive Research
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, November 1, 2001; 155(11): 1197 - 1203.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
Committee on Bioethics
Ethical Issues With Genetic Testing in Pediatrics
Pediatrics, June 1, 2001; 107(6): 1451 - 1455.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Journal of Family NursingHome page
M. E. Broome, D. J. Richards, and J. M. Hall
Children in Research: The Experience of Ill Children and Adolescents
Journal of Family Nursing, February 1, 2001; 7(1): 32 - 49.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum ReprodHome page
G. Bahadur, J. Whelan, D. Ralph, and P. Hindmarsh
Gaining consent to freeze spermatozoa from adolescents with cancer: legal, ethical and practical aspects
Hum. Reprod., January 1, 2001; 16(1): 188 - 193.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Pediatr Adolesc MedHome page
L. F. Ross and M. R. Moon
Ethical Issues in Genetic Testing of Children
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, September 1, 2000; 154(9): 873 - 879.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
Committee on Bioethics and Committee on Hospital C
Palliative Care for Children
Pediatrics, August 1, 2000; 106(2): 351 - 357.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
Committee on Pediatric AIDS
Identification and Care of HIV-Exposed and HIV-Infected Infants, Children, and Adolescents in Foster Care
Pediatrics, July 1, 2000; 106(1): 149 - 153.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 Arch Pediatr Adolesc MedHome page
B. S. Elger and T. W. Harding
Testing Adolescents for a Hereditary Breast Cancer Gene (BRCA1): Respecting Their Autonomy Is in Their Best Interest
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, February 1, 2000; 154(2): 113 - 119.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BMJHome page
M. Dixon-Woods, B. Young, and D. Heney
Partnerships with children
BMJ, September 18, 1999; 319(7212): 778 - 780.
[Full Text]

Home page
 J Intensive Care MedHome page
L. A. Vose and R. M. Nelson
Ethical Issues Surrounding Limitation and Withdrawal of Support in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: Vose LA, Nelson RM Ethical issues surrounding limitation and withdrawal of support in the pediatric intensive care unit J Intensive Care Med 1999, 14 220-230
J Intensive Care Med, September 1, 1999; 14(5): 220 - 230.
[PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
J. T. Wilson
An Update on the Therapeutic Orphan
Pediatrics, September 1, 1999; 104(3): 585 - 590.
[Full Text]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
E. M. Cutler, M. D. Bateman, P. C. Wollan, and P. S. Simmons
Parental Knowledge and Attitudes of Minnesota Laws Concerning Adolescent Medical Care
Pediatrics, March 1, 1999; 103(3): 582 - 587.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
Committee on Pediatric AIDS
Disclosure of Illness Status to Children and Adolescents With HIV Infection
Pediatrics, January 1, 1999; 103(1): 164 - 166.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
R. S. Van Howe;, M. Butler-O'Hara, C. LeMoine, and R. Guillet
Pain Relief for Neonatal Circumcision: Serious Design Flaws?
Pediatrics, January 1, 1999; 103(1): 196 - 196.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BMJHome page
M. Baum, I G Kestin, S E Josse, D. H Brewster, M. R S Bain, J. W T Chalmers, A. Gould, J. A Dewar, W D. George, J. Nottingham, et al.
Informed consent
BMJ, October 3, 1998; 317(7163): 947a - 947.
[Full Text]

Home page
 Arch Pediatr Adolesc MedHome page
R. S. Van Howe and C. J. Cold
Sex Reassignment at Birth: Long-term Review and Clinical Implications
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, October 1, 1997; 151(10): 1062 - 1062.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 NEJMHome page
M. A. Somerville, D. M. Alwin, J. E. Scherger, M. S. Katz, D. Keleti, A. Taddio, G. Koren, and T. E. Wiswell
Lidocaine-Prilocaine Cream for Pain during Circumcision
N. Engl. J. Med., August 21, 1997; 337(8): 568 - 570.
[Full Text]

Home page
 Home Health Care Management PracticeHome page
M. Levetown
Pediatric Hospice Care: Not the Care of Small Adults
Home Health Care Management Practice, August 1, 1997; 9(5): 36 - 42.
[Abstract]

Home page
 JAMAHome page
D. Harrison
Advantages and Disadvantages of Neonatal Circumcision
JAMA, July 16, 1997; 278(3): 202 - 202.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
Committee on Bioethics
Religious Objections to Medical Care
Pediatrics, February 1, 1997; 99(2): 279 - 281.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Journal of Family NursingHome page
D. B. Angst and J. A. Deatrick
Involvement in Health Care Decisions: Parents and Children with Chronic Illness
Journal of Family Nursing, May 1, 1996; 2(2): 174 - 194.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 JAMAHome page
E. W. Clayton, K. K. Steinberg, M. J. Khoury, E. Thomson, L. Andrews, M. J. E. Kahn, L. M. Kopelman, and J. O. Weiss
Informed Consent for Genetic Research on Stored Tissue Samples
JAMA, December 13, 1995; 274(22): 1786 - 1792.
[Abstract] [PDF]